Addiction

Porter, J. & Jick, H. (1980). "Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics." New England Journal of Medicine, 302:123

Samet, Rollnick, and Barnes. (Nov 11, 1996). Beyond CAGE—A brief clinical approach after detection of substance abuse. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156.

Assessment

Carroll, K. C., Atkins, P. J., Herold, G. R., Mlcek, C. A., Shively, M., Clopton, P. & Glaser, D. N. (1999). Pain assessment and management in critically ill postoperative and trauma patients: a multisite study. Am J Crit Care, 8 (2): 105-117.

De Rund, M., de Wit, R., van Dam, F., van Campen, B., den Hartog, Y., et al. (1999). Daily pain assessment: value for nurses and patients. J Advanced Nurs, 29 (2): 436-444.

Jensen, M. P., Miller, L. and Fisher, L. D. (1998). Assessment of pain during medical procedures: a comparison of three scales. Clin J Pain, 14 (4): 343-349.

Bergh, I. & Sjostrom, B. A. (1999). Comparative study of nurses' and elderly patients' ratings of pain and pain tolerance. J Gerontological Nurs, 25 (5): 30-36.

Hamill-Ruth, R. J. & Marohn, M. L. (1999). Evaluation of pain in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Clin, 15 (1): 35-54.

LaChapelle, D. L., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Craig, K. D. (1999). Pain measurement in persons with intellectual disabilities. Clinical J Pain, 15 (1): 13-23.

Macfadyen, A. J. & Buchmaster, M. A. (1999). Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin, 15 (1): 185-200.

Weiner, D., Peterson, B. & Keefe, F. (1999). Chronic pain-associated behaviors in the nursing home: resident versus caregiver perceptions. Pain, 80 (3): 577-88.

Chronic Pain

Greenwald, B. D. & Narcessian, E. J. (1999). Opioids for managing patients with chronic pain: Community pharmacists' perspectives and concerns. J Pain and Symptom Manage, 17 (5): 369-375.

Guck, T. P., Fleischer, T. D., Willcockson, J. C., Criscuolo, C. M. and Leibrock, L. G. (1999) Predictive validity of the Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale in a chronic nonmalignant pain population. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999; 80 (1): 91-95.

McCarberg, B. & Wolf, J. (1999). Chronic pain management in a health maintenance organization. Clin J Pain, 15 (1): 50-57.

Cognitive-behavioral Model

Jensen, M. P., Romano, J. M., Turner, J. A., Good, A. B. & Wald, L. H. (1999). Patient beliefs predict patient functioning: further support for a cognitive behavioral model of chronic pain. Pain, 81: 95-104.

Kwekkeboom, K. L. (1999). A model for cognitive-behavioral interventions in cancer pain management. Image: J Nurs Schol, 31 (2): 151-156.

Continuous Quality Improvement

Bartleson, J. D., Anshus, A. L., Halvorson, A. M., Kamath, J. R., Johnson, T. J. & Herman, J. S. (1998). Benchmarking the communication of continuous improvement activities. Qual Manag Health Care, 6 (3): 43-51.

Fitzgerald, M. E., Molinari, G. F. & Bausell, R. B. (1998). The empowering potential of quality improvement data. Eval Health Prof, 21 (4): 419-428.

Jones, J. B. (1999). Assessment of pain management skills in emergency medicine residents: the role of a pain education program. J Emergency Med, 17 (2): 349-354.

Kobs, A. E. (1998). Getting started on benchmarking. Outcomes Manag Nurs Pract, 2 (1): 45-48.

Leisner, B. A., Schroeder, L. M., Gillick, J. J. & Miller, S. E. (1999). Using a process action team to improve patient education. J Healthcare Qual, 21 (2): 4-10, 18, 48.

Lied, T. R. & Kazandjian, V. A. (1998). A Hawthorne strategy: implications for performance measurement and improvement. Clin Perform Qual Health Care, 6 (4): 201-204.

Miller, E. H., Belgrade, M. J., Cook, M., Portu, J. B., Shepard, M., Sierzant, T., Sallmen, P. & Fraki, S. (1999). Institutionwide pain management improvement through the use of evidenced-based content, strategies, resources, and outcomes. Qual Manag Health Care, 7 (2): 28-40.

Rosenberg, J. & Kehlet, H. (1999). Does effective postoperative pain management influence surgical morbidity? Eur J Surg Res, 31 (2): 133-137.

Solovy, A. (1999). Benchmarking guide '99. Hospital Health Network, 73 (1): 49-54, 56, 58.

"Study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments." Critical Care Medicine. December, 1996. (Findings: Nearly 50 percent of patients studied said they had experienced moderate to severe pain at least half the time. Fifteen percent expressed dissatisfaction with how their pain was managed. Discussed in "Currents," Hospitals & Health Networks, Feb. 5, 1997.)

Tavris, D. R., Gordon, D., Kloepfel, E., Williams, N., Martin, P., & Gold, J. (1999). Evaluation of a local cooperative project to improve postoperative pain management in Wisconsin hospitals. Qual Manag Health Care, 7 (2): 20-27.

Williams, B. A., DeRiso, B. M., Figallo, C. M., Anders, J. W., Engel, L. B., Sproul, K. A., Ilkin, H., Marner, C. D., Fu, F. H., Nagarajan, N. J., Evans, J. H. 3rd, and Watkins, W. D. (1998). Benchmarking the perioperative process: II: Introducing anesthesia clinical pathways to improve processes and outcomes and to reduce nursing labor intensity in ambulatory orthopedic surgery. Jour Clin Anesth, 10 (7): 561-569.

Williams, B. A., DeRiso, B. M., Figallo, C. M., Anders, J. W., Engel, L. B., Sproul, K. A., Ilkin, H., Marner, C. D., Fu, F. H., Nagarajan, N. J., Evans, J. H. 3rd, and Watkins, W. D. (1998). Benchmarking the perioperative process: III. Effects of regional anesthesia clinical pathway techniques on process efficiency and recovery profiles in ambulatory orthopedic surgery. J Clin Anesth, 10 (7): 570-578.

Wisconsin Cancer Pain Initiative. Building an Institutional Commitment to Pain Management: The Mayday Resource Manual for Improvement. (This manual provides practical guidelines and resources for individuals working within organizations to improve all pain management, not just cancer pain.)

Cost/Economics of Pain Management

Buerhaus, P. I. (1998). Milton Weinstein's insights on the development, use, and methodologic problems in cost-effectiveness analysis. Image, 30 (3): 223-228.

Chandler, S., Payne R. (1998) Economics of unrelieved cancer pain. The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, July/August: 223-226.

Ferrell, B. R., Schaffner M. (1997). Pharmacoeconomics and medical outcomes in pain management. Seminars in Anesthesia, 16:152-159.

Ferrell, B. R. (1994). Griffith H. Cost issues related to pain management: report from the cancer pain panel of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 9:221-234.

Ferrell, B. R. (1993). Cost issues surrounding the treatment of cancer-related pain. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain and Symptom Control, 1:9-23.

Grant, M., Ferrell, B. R., Rivera, L. M., Lee, J. (1995). Unscheduled readmissions for uncontrolled symptoms: a health care challenge for nurses. Nursing Clinics of North America, 30:673-682.

Jacox, A., Carr, D. B., Mahrenholz, D. M., Ferrell, B. M. (1997). Cost considerations in patient controlled analgesia. Pharmacoeconomics, 12 (2 pt 1):109-120.

Kozma, C. M., Reeder, C. E., Schulz, R. M. (1993). Economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes: a planning model for pharmacoeconomic research. Clinical Therapeutics, 15:1121-1132.

McCarberg, B. and Wolf, J. (1999). Chronic pain management in a health maintenance organization. Clinical Journal of Pain, 15 (1): 50-57.

Steele Rosomoff, R. (1999). Evolving healthcare hasssles: the current healthcare environment and the challenges of treating pain patients. Pain Medicine Network, 14: 5-11.

Stone, P. W. (1998). Methods for conducting and reporting cost-effectiveness analysis in nursing. Image, 30 (3): 229-234.

Schug, S. A., Large, R. G. (1993). Economic considerations in pain management. Pharmacoeconomics, 3:260-267.

Wild, L. R. (1993). Caveat emptor: a critical analysis of the costs of drugs used for pain management. Advances in Nursing Science, 16:52-61.

Zagari, M. J., Mazonson, P. D., Longton, W. C. (1996). Pharmacoeconomics of chronic nonmalignant pain. Pharmacoeconomics, 10:356-377. 1997 National directory of Health Plans American Association of Health Plans.

Evidenced-based Practice

Guyatt, G. H., Sinclair, J., Cook, D. J., and Glasziou, P. (1999). Users' guides to the medical literature XVI. How to use a treatment recommendation. JAMA, 281 (19): 1836–43.

Wood, M., Ferlie, E. and Fitzgerald, L. (1998). Achieving Clinical Behavior Change: A Case of Becoming Indeterminate. Social Science and Medicine, 47 (11): 1729–38.

Institutional Change

Blau, W. S., Dalton, J. A., & Lindley, C. (1999). Organization of hospital-based acute pain management programs. South Med J, 92 (5): 465-471.

Carr, E. C. (1999). Talking on the telephone with people who have experienced pain in hospital: clinical audit or research? J Adv Nurs, 29 (1): 194-200.

Dalton, J. A., Blau, W., Lindley, C., Carlson, J., Youngblood, R. & Greer, S. M. (1999). Changing acute pain management to improve patient outcomes: an educational approach. J Pain Symptom and Manage, 17 (4): 277-287.

Devine, E. C., Bevsek, S. A., Brubakken, K., Johnson, B. P., Ryan, P., Sliefert, M. K. & Rodgers, B. (1999). AHCPR clinical practice guideline on surgical pain management: adoption and outcomes. Res Nurs Health, 22 (2): 119-130.

Filos, K. S. & Lehmann, K. A. (1999). Current concepts and practice in postoperative pain management: need for a change? Eur Surg Res, 31 (2): 97-107.

Galer, B. S., Keran, C. & Frisinger, M. (1999). Pain medicine education among American neurologists: a need for improvement. Neurology, 52 (8) 1710-1712.

Rawal, N. (1999). 10 years of acute pain services- achievements and challenges. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 24 (1): 68-73.

The University of York NHS Centre for Reviews and Disseminations. (1999) Getting evidence into practice. Effective Health Care: Bulletin on the effectiveness of health service interventions for decision makers, Volume 5, No 1, 16 pages. Royal Society of Medicine Press.

General

American Society of Pain Management Nurses. Annotated Bibliographies, (Members: $25, nonmembers: $35. For ordering information call (714) 545-1305.)

Riendeau, L. A., Bennett, D., Black-Noller, Fan, L. and Seavone, J. M. (1999). Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of EMLA cream in volunteers with differing skin pigmentation undergoing venipuncture. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 24 (2): 165-169.

Journals/Newsletters

Wisconsin Cancer Pain Initiative. Cancer Pain Update. (Newsletter for those interested in cancer pain and statewide cancer pain initiatives.) (For ordering information, call (608) 262-0978.)

Legal Issues

Shapiro, R. S. (1994). Liability issues in the management of pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 9 (3), 147.

Non-drug Interventions

Barber, J., Norton, W. W. (1996). Hypnosis and Suggestion in the Treatment of Pain: A Clinical Guide, New York. $45, 413 pages, ISBN 0-393-70216-2.

Berman, B. M., Ezzo, J., Hadhazy, V. & Sawyers, J. P. (1999). Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia? J Family Pract, 48 (3): 213-218.

Good, M. Stanton-Hicks, M., Grass, J. A., Anderson, G. C., Choi, C., Schoolmeesters, L. J. & Salmon, A. (1999). Relief of post-operative pain with jaw relaxation, music, and their combination. Pain, 81: 163-172.

Kwekkeboom, K. L. (1999): A model for cognitive-behavioral interventions in cancer pain management. Image: J Nurs Schol, 31 (2): 151-156.

Mauer, M. H., Burnett, K. F., Ouellette, E. A., Ironson, G. H. & Dandes, H. M. (1999). Medical hypnosis and orthopedic hand surgery: pain perception, postoperative recovery, and therapeutic comfort. Int J Experimental Hypnosis, 47 (2): 144-161.

Van Kooten, M. E. (1999). Non-pharmacological management for postoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients. Image: J Nurs Schol, 31 (2): 157.

Outcomes

Albright, G. A. & Forster, R. M. (1999). The safety and efficacy of combined spinal and epidural analgesia/anesthesia (6,002 blocks) in a community hospital. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 24 (2): 117-125.

Ballantyne, J. C., Carr, D. B., deFerranti, S., et. al. (1998). The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: cumulative meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Anesthesia and analgesia, 86: 598-612.

Furdon, S. A., Eastman, M., Benjamin, K. & Horgan, M. J. (1998). Outcome measures after standardized pain management strategies in postoperative patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 12 (1): 58-69.

Keller, S. D., Ware, J. E., Hatoum, H. T. & Kong, S. X. (1999). The SF-36 Arthritis-Specific Health Index (ASHI): II. Test of validity in four clinical trials. Med Care, 37 (5 Suppl): MS51-60.

Moon, M. R., Luchette, F. A., Gibson, S. W., Crews, J., Sudarshan, G., Hurst, J. M., Davis, K., Johanningman, J. A., Frame, S. B., & Fischer, J. E. (1999). Prospective, randomized comparison of epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia in thoracic trauma. Ann Surg, 229 (5): 684-691.

Rosenberg, J. & Kehlet, H. (1999). Does effective postoperative pain management influence surgical morbidity? Eur Surg Res, 31 (2): 133-137.

Pain in the Emergency Department

Tanabe, P. & Buschmann, M. A. (1999). Prospective study of ED pain management practices and the patient's perspective. J Emergency Nurs, 25 (3): 171-177.

Pediatric Pain

Axia, G., Bonichini, S. & Benini (1999). Attention and reaction to distress in infancy: a longitudinal study. Dev Psychol, 35 (2): 500-504.

Kokinsky, E., Thornberg, E., Ostlund, A. L. & Larsson, L. E. (1999). Postoperative comfort in paediatric outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth, 9 (3): 243-251.

Peters, J. W., Bandell Hoekstra, I. E., Huijer Abu-Saad, H., Bouwmeester, J., Meursing, A. E. &Tibboel, D. (1999). Patient controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth, 9 (3): 235-241.

Schecter, N. L., Berstein, B. A., Beck, A., Hart, L., and Scherzer, L. (1991). Individual differences in children's response to pain: Role of temperament and parenteral characteristics. Pediatrics, 87: 171–177.

Pharmacologic Management

American Pain Society. The Fourth Edition of Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain. ($4 members, $7 for nonmembers; e-mail APS: nfo@ampainsoc.org)

American Society of Pain Management Nurses. Self-Directed Learning Program: Epidural Analgesia for Acute Pain Management. (For info call ASPMN: 888-342-7766 or fax 850-473-0233)

Placebos

Beecher, H. K. (1955). The powerful placebo. JAMA, 159: 1602–1606.

Beecher, H. K. (1961). Surgery as placebo. JAMA, 176: 1102–1107.

Evans , F. J. (1974). The placebo response in pain reduction. In J. J. Bonica (Ed.), Advances in Neurology. Vol. 4. NY: Raven, 289–296.

Fox, Annie. (1994). Confronting the use of placebos for pain. AJN, 9: 42–46.

Gray, G. and Flynn, P. (1981). A survey of placebo use in a general hospital. General Hospital Psychiatry, 3: 199–203.

Policy Statements/Guidelines/Standards

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Cancer Pain Guideline. p. 69.

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Acute Pain Management in Adults: Operative Procedures or Trauma. Clinical Practice Guideline.

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Acute Pain Management in Infants, Children and Adolescents: Operative and Medical Procedures. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians.

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Management of Cancer Pain: Infants, Children and Adolescents. (Call (800) 358-9295 for all AHCPR publications.)

American Pain Society. Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute and Cancer Pain. Skokie, IL. p. 25.

American Pain Society Quality of Care Committee. Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. JAMA, 274(23):1874–80, Dec. 20, 1995. (For ordering information, call (847) 375-4715; fax: (847) 375-4777.)

American Society of Pain Management Nurses. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice for Pain Management. (Members: $12.50, nonmembers: $16.50. For ordering information, call (714) 545-1305.)

Postoperative Pain

Desai, P. M. (1999). Pain management and pulmonary dysfunction. Crit Care Clin, 15 (1): 151-166.

Knoerl, D. V., Faut-Callahan, M., Paice, J. & Short, S. (1999). Preoperative PCA teaching program to manage postoperative pain. Medsurg Nurs, 8 (1): 25-33, 36.

Last Updated: April 18, 2000